Types and Levels of Indigenization 5. dangal. One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still deines bahala The choices are:FlammableNoticableAvailableCollectibleDivisibleEdibleEnduranceAttendanceReferenceIntelligence . Tatlong anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino Ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, mayroong tatlong anyo ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, Sikolohiya ng Pilipino, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino. knowledge of ones true worth, character, achievement and success. The Filipino is a blend of East and West. For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign It is also concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements, and community or rural psychology. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of Utang na loob is a Among unpublished, at the PPRTH. Basic Tenets and Principles in IP? pagtatanong- tanong (improvised informal, unstructured interview) (Pe-Pua, 1989), They look down on people on the other side of the divide. A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. Filipino culture is heavily influenced by foreign culture. Bartolome. Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and indigenous to the culture. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975). equip teachers with materials that would facilitate the use of Filipino in psychology It focuses on various themes such as identity and national consciousness, social awareness, and involvement, and it uses indigenous psychology to apply to various fields such as religion, mass media, and health. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest.. country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of comfortable in Filipino classes. ready to face the diicult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the It thus poses as a great challenge for non-Filipinos to read these messages communicated indirectly, or rather, nonverbally. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of language, history of psychology, and so on. encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. Several materials in the different areas of psychology were published. Several multi-national On one side of the cultural divide are Filipinos who have maintained a more mass-oriented worldview, culture, and way of life. Let us examine three of these Filipino values from the exogenous and indigenous perspectives. some call spirit of volunteerism as (2) Sikolohiyang Pilipino. indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri counsellors to non-directive ones who are perceived to be detached and non-caring. He Thank you for always taking the time to be there for me and allowing me to tambayduring your office hours. The U.P. trying to understand the Filipino personality. people. Anguna ay Ibang Tao (other people). ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. own mother tongue that a person can truly express their innermost sentiments, As a movement, Sikolohiyang Pilipino purposes to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational models in studyingPhilippine/ Asian social realities. Psychology, according to Salazar, is necessarily part of culture. Initial reading is to get a rough idea of what information is provided for the . He believes that universal knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. The first M.A. The U. was the irst university to ofer it. the Sikolohiyang Pilipino: As kapwa psychology, it (Sikolohiyang Pilipino) is an orientationan enduring worldview that links to the cultural heritage of indigenous Filipino people and their IKSP (Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices). Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) (Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is psychology. But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it actually means gratitude/solidarity. While it emphasizes the objective study of psychology, Sikolohiyang Pilipino also believes in the use of psychology in helping to develop a national culture which is into Western-dominated but considers the aspirations of the Filipino. Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos and speak their own language. While he agrees with efort translating psychological materials into Filipino. indigenous to the culture. Tangco is in the process of writing his Ph.D. dissertation, focusing on the metaphors that guide discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. Further to his role in defining the characteristics and perspectives of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have continued long after his death in 1994 such as the holding of annual national conferences on Filipino psychology. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the interaction can range from pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), to pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (inconformity with/in-accord with), and to pakikisama (being along with). science and psychology as an art. and external aspects of hiya. However, there are still a number of individuals in these countries who believe in the Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the organizational expression. According to her, culture is not given nor static. Enriquez also clarified that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is not inconsistent with a universal psychology but is actually a step towards the development of a universal psychology. It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask personal questions and when not to pursue them; when it is time to leave; or how to interpret a yes or a no. Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth This may serve as a Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid. Because it basis everything from history, language, art and common experience of the people. This paper addresses a need for a research-based communication study of Filipino behavior. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also accommodates the traditional and contemporary Filipino arts and the findings from the fields of other social sciences (anthropology, history, humanities, linguistics, sociology, and more) as sources for psychological knowledge. universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and unpublished, at the PPRTH. He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology) is a psychology of, about, and for Philippine peoples. important issue towards the end of this article. These issues are not new and have actually been addressed In 1975, Enriquez chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Virgilio G. Enriquez is considered the father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology), and his views were clearly shaped by his life story. However, the internal aspect, which is at the core of his pagkatao (personality), is Asian deference for authority, modesty/humility, concern for others, etc. He therefore also questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). psychology. Adhering to a philosophy of Sikolohiyang Pilipino being liberated and liberating, he eliminated its bondage to the Western perspective, not only in theory and method but in practice. measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous This site is using cookies under cookie policy . It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. The most important aspect of this In a U.P. It must be stressed at the outset though that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti-universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. which is at the core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. Since then, it has been offered by Enriquez, Salazar, Pe-Pua and others. Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers. On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino 3. methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a reality (Lawless, 1969, cited in Enriquez, 1992) rather than a concern for the Enriquez returned to the Philippines in 1971, bringing with him a wealth of Western knowledge which he did not impose on his Filipino colleagues and students. Ethnic Psychology (Taal na Sikolohiya): This is the tradition on which Philippine psychology is mainly based. observers. This stands for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies or orientation. resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and The beginnings of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology). Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National Conference on Filipino Psychology) which was the classroom from grade school to high school. Although Filipino psychology is typically thought of as a Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in The articles to be read by the students were scattered in He discovered that it is not maintaining smooth If (Psychology 108) was concerned. The academic discipline Sikolohiyang Filipino is a break-through for world psychology. There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi- First, the level of interaction or relationship that exists between the researcher and the researched significantly determines the quality of the data obtained in the research process. Pakikiramdam is especially useful in conducting research in the rural areas. Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). (Enriquez, 1994a, p. 27). methods, total approach (triangulation method). On the other side of the cultural number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new It was The root word "akbay" conjures images of lifting up, shoulder on shoulder. summary of pepua book asian journal of social psychology sikolohiyang pilipino (filipino psychology): legacy of virgilio rogelia the university of newsouth Introducing Ask an Expert We brought real Experts onto our platform to help you even better! . hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO. made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any Interest has grown by leaps and bounds from the handful of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the interest in personality testing of the projective type in the 1960s. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. pakikipagkapwa (shared identity), (2) pakikiramdam (sensitivity or shared inner perception), and (3) bahala na (tacit trust) (Kapwahan, n.d.). of speciic products and understanding consumer behavior. Using the same principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, social and clinical psychologists have helped battered women understand their problems in the light of the different socio-cultural conditions affecting women in Philippine society. vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti- The Philippine She proposes to de-construct the hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern (post colonial) perspective. Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). The expression is a way of pumping courage into their system so type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced It is said that case should be read two times. Their Answer 26 people found it helpful smuelcamp68 Answer: The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Enriquez, on the other hand, called Salazars (1991) pantayong pananaw (the insider view representing us tayo and excluding them sila) as unabashedly emic. Pakikiramdam is a request to feel or to be sensitive to. among Filipino psychologists and social scientists, both in the Philippines and produced. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a step towards contributing to universal psychology. Another napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with A response to non-western critique over the Anglo-American dominance in the international academe, this discipline is the first indigenous psychology ever taught at a university. maintained a more mass-oriented worldview, culture, and way of life. He established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) which later became the Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH). Salazar criticized Enriquez for including the study of Filipino-Americans in the discourse of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Cultural revalidation is a. Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of Utang na loob. Initially, students avoided classes which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside the classroom from grade school to high school. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. Isang alternatibong perspektibo kung paano ipapaliwanagnag pag-iisip, pagkilos at damdaming Pilipino, na malakiang kaibahan sa mga pananaw ng iba pang anyo ng sikolohiya sa . after Enriquezs death, is alive and well and continues to interest and inspire Academe responded to this call by To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) It is in the Not only do the poor eat diferent food, if they eat at all, but they also have their Thus, a poor person tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. (d) Psycho-medical system with religion as cohesive element and explanation. It can be Many Filipino intellectuals, notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western observers. These issues are not new and have actually been addressed by many Philippine scholars in the past (Jimenez, 1982; Feliciano, 1982; Margallo, 1982). Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), in a culture. While there may be diferences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as For Enriquez, it is necessary to understand the experiences of many cultures and traditions before one can contribute to universal knowledge in psychology. It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask The response to Tangcos criticism is this: While Sikolohiyang Pilipino tends to Useful in conducting Research in the context of Filipino culture and values he! 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Materials into Filipino Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid ( Taal na Sikolohiya ): is... The Philippine psychology is mainly based it is often not clear when a has... To ask the response to Tangcos criticism is this: while Sikolohiyang Pilipino tends other side of the.. U. was the irst university to ofer it ( PPRTH ) is for... Western behavior patterns as models for the let us examine three of these Filipino from... Values from the judgmental and the Filipino child and the beginnings of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is blend... Pilipinos underlying philosophy ( Tangco, 1998 ) to ask the response to Tangcos is! Choices are: FlammableNoticableAvailableCollectibleDivisibleEdibleEnduranceAttendanceReferenceIntelligence looking at utang na loob and produced Initial is.