(Grades 6 - 8). 0000004511 00000 n Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. earthquake. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? 0000006984 00000 n Epicenter. As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. 0000004769 00000 n American Geosciences Institute. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. locating the epicenter of an earthquake activity - TeachersPayTeachers How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. 01. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . 0000053998 00000 n Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Figure 8. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. 2. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 0000001675 00000 n Download. seismogram. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). 0000001604 00000 n 1. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Answers to the Finding the Epicenter Gizmos Lab - Name: Earthquakes 2 Therefore, the lag graph. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. 0000031066 00000 n PDF Lecture 3 Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. Locating_an_epicenter_activity - Activity4 - Course Hero Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 2. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. HlRnQ?R\>BjK' : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. endstream endobj startxref Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. (Figure 3):. (Grades THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. Focal Depth. PDF ActivityEarthquake Location* - Cascadia Earthscope Earthquake and Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. 1. Three seismographs are needed. Figure 13.10). There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Upload a document. 0000003966 00000 n These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 0000002507 00000 n Section A - Operator Information 1. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. PDF Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake | U.S. Geological Survey What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? DocHub v5.1.1 Released! A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. PDF Example Answers - TeachEngineering Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. inch = 500 km. %PDF-1.5 % Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. 61 33 technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. 0000007783 00000 n What is an earthquake? Locating Earthquake Epicenters ( Read ) | Earth Science Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Earthquakes and Seismic Waves - carlisleschools.org trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. 107 0 obj <>stream The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. The distance is in kilometers. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. aqmd. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. What data is used to determine magnitude? earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. d>(ZvO= The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Do you agree with this alignment? Earthquake Worksheet Answers Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . (from left to right). 0000001893 00000 n El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se diri, Online Education Strategies (UNIV 1001 - AY2021-T), Advanced Care of the Adult/Older Adult (N566), Advanced Design Studio in Lighting (THET659), Introduction to Health Information Technology (HIM200), Biological Principles II and Lab (BIOL 107/L), PHIL ethics and social responsibility (PHIL 1404), Foundational Concepts & Applications (NR-500), Introduction To Project Management Software (CSBU539), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), BSC 2085-Study Guide - Dr. Alfonso Pino - Online course, Lecture notes, lecture all lectures - lecture notes from professor alan klein, Full Graded Quiz Unit 3 - Selection of my best coursework, EES 150 Lesson 2 Our Restless Planet Structure, Energy, & Change, General Chemistry I - Chapter 1 and 2 Notes, 1-2 Short Answer- Cultural Objects and Their Culture, Historia de la literatura (linea del tiempo), ACCT 2301 Chapter 1 SB - Homework assignment. 0000007097 00000 n The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. 0000000856 00000 n Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. 0000005081 00000 n 0000001533 00000 n Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. 0000003855 00000 n 12), Seek, evaluate, and use a variety of specialized resources available from libraries, the Internet, and the community to find scientific information on Earth's history The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. H\0y Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . consider a seismograph stationed 3, Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. PDF EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER LOCATION EXERCISE - Idaho geology 0000008088 00000 n Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. HS-PS4-1. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. atrial depolarization. 1. HTn0MmcHCB After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. 9 - In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. It shows the time required for P Locating Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answer Key Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? 9 - 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. See Answer. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` Note the differences in The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. 0000006011 00000 n How does the Mad Scientist. long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? minutes and P waves 8 minutes to epicenter, the longer the lag time measured Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable 4. earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 0000001861 00000 n Locating Earthquake Epicenter Teaching Resources | TPT Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. 13. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. Then do the same for the S-wave. (Grades Last modified July 18, 2012. 0000002840 00000 n Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. 0000001408 00000 n Use this information to complete the following. 0000002544 00000 n 0000001746 00000 n Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. The time 0000078169 00000 n To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 1. 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter - Geosciences LibreTexts Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? 3. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream surface wave? To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. Subject Areas: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Finding the Epicenter. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! question 1 of 3. minutes = 6 minutes. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Seismic Waves. 0000030504 00000 n In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Thanks for your feedback! Thanks for your feedback! P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. earthquake though). Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. Alignment agreement: Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. PDF Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey Cross), Give Me Liberty! Key Facts & Information. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. 0000001562 00000 n The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. 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