The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. Copyright For example, we could say that gluteus maximus is an antagonist of the primary hip flexor, iliopsoas because gluteus maximus is a hip extensor. Several factors contribute to the force generated by a skeletal muscle. Transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation (TENS) may be used to decrease pain. Triceps brachii is the antagonist and brachialis is a synergist with biceps brachii. They insert onto the cartilage found around the face. 2015-02-24 14:30:44. OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology (CC BY 4.0). In this example, biceps brachii is the agonist or prime mover. Q. Toms Physiotherapy Blog. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The brachialis muscle is the primary flexor of the elbow. Animation. They can arise as branches from the brachial artery directly, the profunda brachii, or the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries. Muscles exist in groupings that work to produce movements by muscle contraction. It works closely with your biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles to ensure that your elbow bends properly. Q. University of Washington, Nov. 2005. synergist? Reviewer: Brachialis - Physiopedia antagonist: clavo-deltoid, teres majorm subscapularis, pectoralis major, infraspinatus (lateral rotation of humerous), synergist: spino-deltoid, The majority of skeletal muscles in the body have this type of organization. Triceps - Wikipedia Antagonists play two important roles in muscle function: (1) they maintain body or limb . It also functions to form part of the floor of the cubital fossa. The brachialis (brachialis anticus), also known as the Teichmann muscle, is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. To keep things in balance in the body we also nearly always have a muscle that is assisting, resisting, or opposing any action. Sets found in the same folder. INSERT FIGURE LIKE FOCUS FIGURE 10.1d IN MARIEB-11E. Available from: Kamineni S, Bachoura A, Behrens W, Kamineni E, Deane A. Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human anatomy & physiology. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. antagonist: ecrl, ecrb, ecu, synergist: fds, fdp Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). Exercise and stretching may also have a beneficial effect on synovial joints. The brachialis muscle may also be heated with a device called ultrasound. The orbicularis oris muscle is a circular muscle that goes around the mouth. UW Department of Radiology. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Based on the patterns of fascicle arrangement, skeletal muscles can be classified in several ways. Build on your knowledge with these supplementary learning tools: Branches of the brachial artery and the radial recurrent artery supply the brachialis with contribution from accessory arteries. The first part of orbicularis, orb (orb = circular), is a reference to a round or circular structure; it may also make one think of orbit, such as the moons path around the earth. 2023 Caution should be used; most studies on ultrasound show that while it increases tissue temperature, it does not shorten overall healing time or improve overall functional mobility. Brachialis Definition & Meaning | Merriam-Webster Medical Circularmuscles are also called sphincters (seeFigure2). Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Muscle pull rather than push. It may be implicated in Erb's palsy if the Brachial plexus becomes injured, leading to elbow flexion weakness. The temporalis muscle of the cranium is another. Climbers, throwing athletes, and people who participate in racquet sports may suffer from a brachialis injury due to overuse or repetitive strain. Synergist muscles act around a moveable joint to produce motion similar to or in concert with agonist muscles. Another example is the orbicularis oculi, one of which surrounds each eye. It lies beneath the biceps brachii, and makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa (elbow pit). Brachialis In more severe cases the musculocutaneous nerve, which goes through the coracobrachialis, can become trapped (entrapment). The bone connection is why this muscle tissue is called skeletal muscle. If you are experiencing pain in the front of your elbow due to a brachialis injury, you may benefit from using electrical stimulation to the area. The word oculi (ocular = eye) refers to the eye. There also are skeletal muscles in the tongue, and the external urinary and anal sphincters that allow for voluntary regulation of urination and defecation, respectively. In some pennate muscles, the muscle fibers wrap around the tendon, sometimes forming individual fascicles in the process. A synergist can also be afixatorthat stabilizes the bone that is the attachment for the prime movers origin. This is the last paragraph of the student's account of the survey results. Coracobrachialis muscle: want to learn more about it? The flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus flex the fingers and the hand at the wrist, whereas the extensor digitorum extends the fingers and the hand at the wrist. Based on the patterns of fascicle arrangement, skeletal muscles can be classified in several ways. The brachialis is a broad muscle, with its broadest part located in the middle rather than at either of its extremities. antagonist: triceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis longus (extends wrist), synergist: ecrb, ecu Most of the joints you use during exercise are synovial joints, which have synovial fluid in the joint space between two bones. For muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton, the connection determines the force, speed, and range of movement. 2013 [cited 2018 Mar 21]. Made with by Yoganatomy.com and Wildheartmedia.com. When a muscle has a widespread expansion over a sizable area, but then the fascicles come to a single, common attachment point, the muscle is called convergent. A typical symptom is pain in the arm and shoulder, radiating down to the back of the hand. Read more. A. Fascicle arrangements determine what type of movement a muscle can make. Prime movers and antagonist. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve,[2] and commonly also receives additional innervation from the radial nerve. A common cause of this injury in climbers is reaching (hyperextending the elbow) and then pulling their body weight upwards by flexing the elbow joint, such as in rock climbing. If the muscle cannot be palpated, testing of the function of the muscle can be used to assess it. Brachialis antagonist muscles. It is not affected by pronation or supination of the forearm, and does not participate in pronation and supination due to its lack of attachment to the radius. Neither books nor just thinking about it help as much as walking in a hero's footsteps. For muscle pairings referred to as antagonistic pairs, one muscle is designated as the extensor muscle, which contracts to open the joint, and the flexor muscle, which acts opposite to the extensor muscle. Figure3. [7] Physical activity that involves a lot of pull-ups, curls, and rope climbing can also initiate brachialis muscle pain. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the muscles of the upper arm - their attachments . The brachialis is the major flexor of the elbow [3]. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. acts as the antagonist. Lever systems in the human body are classified based on the arrangement pattern of the fulcrum, resistance, and the applied force (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). What do that say about students today? Coracobrachialis Muscle Its Attachments and Actions - Yoganatomy Example: Mosi asked, "How does a song become as popular as 'Stardust' ?". The first part of orbicularis, orb (orb = circular), is a reference to a round or circular structure; it may also make one think of orbit, such as the moons path around the earth. Which of the following statements is correct about what happens during flexion? As you can see, these terms would also be reversed for the opposing action. Q. The handle acts as a lever and the head of the hammer acts as a fulcrum, the fixed point that the force is applied to when you pull back or push down on the handle. Flashcards - A&P muscle fiber - FreezingBlue The fibers of brachialis extend distally to converge on a strong tendon. If you are able to withstand the force of someone pushing your arm, then brachialis strength is considered to be adequate. Yaw Boachie-Adjei, MD, is a board-certified, double-fellowship Orthopedic Surgeon. It simply heats the tissue. Distal anterior aspect of the humerus, deep to the biceps brachii. antagonist: acromio-deltoid, supraspinatus, spinodeltoid, synergist: teres majorm subscapularis pectoralis major. Dumbbell Hammer Curl. The coracobrachialis does flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder. A synergist can also be a fixator that stabilizes the muscles origin. Have you ever used the back of a hammer to remove a nail from wood? Niamh Gorman MSc Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. (Brachialis labeled at center left. Q. During forearm flexion, for examplelifting a cup, a muscle called the biceps brachii is the prime mover. Physiopedia is not a substitute for professional advice or expert medical services from a qualified healthcare provider. C. They only insert onto the facial bones. Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle? Our musculoskeletal system works in a similar manner, with bones being stiff levers and the articular endings of the bonesencased in synovial jointsacting as fulcrums. A tear of the muscle, which is extremely rare, must be ruled out. Boston, Ma: Pearson; 2016. antagonist- gluteus maximus, hamstrings, adductor magnus. In a unipennate muscle, the fascicles are located on one side of the tendon. What have you learned about heroism and leadership from reading this epic poem? Compare and contrast agonist and antagonist muscles, Describe how fascicles are arranged within a skeletal muscle, Explain the major events of a skeletal muscle contraction within a muscle in generating force. Tributaries of the brachial artery and the recurrent radial artery[2][4]. brachialis, brachioradialis. The prime mover, sometimes called the agonist, is the muscle that provides the primary force driving the action. Register now Massage may also be an effective treatment for brachialis injury. 10.2: Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and The brachialis is a muscle in the front of your elbow that flexes, or bends, the joint. Try out our quiz below: The overuse of the coracobrachialis can lead to a hardening of the muscle. During forearmflexionbending the elbowthe brachioradialis assists the brachialis. Kenhub, Aug. 2001, "Brachialis." You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Synovial fluid is a thin, but viscous film with the consistency of egg whites. Triceps brachii is the antagonist and brachialis is a synergist with biceps brachii. 9.6C: How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements - Medicine LibreTexts If you suspect you have injured your brachialis muscle, visit your healthcare provider right away. While we need the main muscle, or agonist, that does an action, our body has a good support system for each action by using muscle synergists. Write TRT RTR for transitive or int. As we begin to study muscles and their actions, it's important that we don't forget that our body functions as a whole organism. Also involved is the brachioradialis which assists the brachialis, and is also considered a synergist. The large mass at the center of a muscle is called the belly. 1-Arm Kettlebell Hammer Curl. What Are Muscle Agonists, Antagonists, And Synergists? - 3D Muscle Lab C. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from one side. Brachioradialis : Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics Skeletal muscle is enclosed in connective tissue scaffolding at three levels. When they relax, the sphincters concentrically arranged bundles of muscle fibers increase the size of the opening, and when they contract, the size of the opening shrinks to the point of closure. [cited 2018 Mar 21]. While we often have one main muscle to do an action, it is nearly always assisted in that action by other muscles. What actions does the coracobrachialis muscle do? Additionally, it assists with internal, or medial, rotation. Q. In aunipennatemuscle, the fascicles are located on one side of the tendon. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) shows some of the most common fascicle arrangements. The insertions and origins of facial muscles are in the skin, so that certain individual muscles contract to form a smile or frown, form sounds or words, and raise the eyebrows. This is called brachialis tendonitis. The brachialis is the only pure flexor of the elbow joint-producing the majority of force during elbow flexion. St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier; 2011. The function of the brachialis is to flex your elbow especially when your forearm is in the pronated, or palm down, position. antagonist: infraspinatus, spinodeltoid acromi-deltoid (abducts humerous): synergist: supraspinatus antagonist: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi spino-deltoid (extends humerous) synergist: infraspinatus Although we learn the actions of individual muscles, in real movement, no muscle works alone. Without a proper warm-up, it is possible that you may either damage some of the muscle fibers or pull a tendon. Brachialis receives innervation from the musculocutaneous (C5,C6) and radial nerves (C7) and its vascular supply from the brachial, radial recurrent arteries and branches of the inferior ulnar collateral arteries. The end of the muscle attached to a fixed (stabilized) bone is called the origin and the moveable end of the muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled is called the muscles insertion. Reverse Dumbbell Zottman Curl. This arrangement is referred to asmultipennate. 2015. Muscles that seem to be plump have a large mass of tissue located in the middle of the muscle, between the insertion and the origin, which is known as the central body, or belly. Brachialis muscle - vet-Anatomy - IMAIOS The arrangement of a third class lever has the applied force between the fulcrum and the resistance (Figure \(\PageIndex{4.c}\)). Parallel muscles have fascicles that are arranged in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle. [Solved] Antagonist Fixator Synergist | Course Hero That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. Legal. The brachialis muscle muscle may be injured if a forceful or repetitive strain is placed upon it, especially if your elbow is in a pronated position when the force is applied. Muscle Shapes and Fiber Alignment. 7 Intense Brachioradialis Exercises Reverse Barbell Curl. "Brachialis Muscle." What is the action of the triceps brachii. Roberto Grujii MD Doing this survey have raised important questions for me about my friends and myself. They are thus antagonist muscles. Read more. Gluteus maximus is an antagonist of iliopsoas, which does hip flexion, because gluteus maximus, which does extension of the hip, resists or opposes hip flexion. The bone connection is why this muscle tissue is called skeletal muscle. There also are skeletal muscles in the tongue, and the external urinary and anal sphincters that allow for voluntary regulation of urination and defecation, respectively. Along with the other flexors of the arm (biceps brachii and brachialis muscles), coracobrachialis is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. The skeleton and muscles act together to move the body. The hamstrings flex the leg, whereas the quadriceps femoris extend it. It originates from the anterior aspect of the distal humerus;[1] it inserts onto the tuberosity of the ulna. This corresponds to a spinal level of cervical five and six. antagonist: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, synergist: infraspinatus Due to this design, the muscle fibers in a pennate muscle can only pull at an angle, and as a result, contracting pennate muscles do not move their tendons very far. Recall the discussion about muscles crossing joints to create movement. Virtual reality rehabilitation versus conventional physical therapy for improving balance and gait in parkinsons disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Stretching pulls on the muscle fibers and it also results in an increased blood flow to the muscles being worked. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brachialis_muscle11.png. Gray, Henry. In addition, the diaphragm contracts and relaxes to change the volume of the pleural cavities but it does not move the skeleton to do this. Last reviewed: July 27, 2022 A. Muscles work in pairs to facilitate movement of the bones around the joints. Skeletal muscles do not work by themselves. Medially, the brachialis is separated from the triceps brachii and the ulnar nerve by the medial intermuscular septum and pronator teres. Check out our articles: What Is Anatomical Position? These characteristics depend on each other and can explain the general organization of the muscular and skeletal systems. We describe the main muscle that does an action as the agonist. A muscle with the opposite action of the prime mover is called an antagonist. The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis flex the elbow. Muscles are arranged in pairs based on their functions. However, to flex the knee joint, an opposite or antagonistic set of muscles called the hamstrings is activated. Your healthcare practitioner can easily test the strength of your brachialis muscle. What is the antagonist muscle of the brachialis? - Answers The brachioradialis and brachialis are synergist muscles, and the rotator cuff (not shown) fixes the shoulder joint allowing the biceps brachii to exert greater force. The biceps brachii flex the lower arm. Brachioradialis - origin: - proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral intermuscular septum; - insertion: - inserts into lateral surface of distal radius, immediately above styloid process; - synergist: Brachialis , biceps brachi ; - nerve supply: radial - C6 > C5 - function: Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. It works closely with your biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles to ensure that your elbow bends properly. Aset ofantagonists called the hamstrings in the posterior compartment of the thigh are activated to slow or stop the movement. Recall the discussion about muscles crossing joints to create movement. The brachoradialis, in the forearm, and brachialis, located deep to the biceps in the upper arm, are both synergists that aid in this motion. The handle acts as a lever and the head of the hammer acts as a fulcrum, the fixed point that the force is applied to when you pull back or push down on the handle. Triceps Muscle Brachii Origin & Insertion | Where is the Tricep The brachialis is a muscle located in your arm near the crook of your elbow. 11.1 Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle - BCcampus Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Brachialis is the main flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint. Tendons emerge from both ends of the belly and connect the muscle to the bones, allowing the skeleton to move. 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Protection of your injured brachialis muscle may include wearing a sling or splint to allow your arm to rest and heal. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only.