A. confirmation bias. D. Inductive reasoning, ________ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Which of the following is true with regard to development? A. That song's effect could be an implicit emotional memory (Yang, Xu, Du, Shi, & Fang, 2011). Mental images 13 a. visual/spatial intelligence. quiz 12 Flashcards by Ace Ade | Brainscape 75 predict the behavior of a specific individual? You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure, as well as a large vocabulary, during. Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. b. b. females. ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. Creative people engage in In 1956, George Miller reviewed most of the research on the capacity of short-term memory and found that people can retain between 5 and 9 items, so he reported the capacity of short-term memory was the "magic number" 7 plus or minus 2. How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? 30 seconds. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? d. means-end analysis. It is improved by chunking and rehearsal techniques. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." Can you get these things done before you head to class or will they need to wait until school is done? The debate over whether animals use real language centers around: Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. C. heuristic. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologydr donald blakeslee While each situation is unique, you may want to use an algorithm when being accurate is the primary concern. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system. If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Think of it as the information you have displayed on your computer screen, such as a document, spreadsheet, or website. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that were warm and soft. 6 to 8 D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. In order to prepare herself, she enrolls in a Spanish course at the local community center. Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably. If we view something as valuable, the information will move into our short-term memory system. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). Semantic memory is typically reported as facts. A. speed and efficiency b. algorithm. D. 5 to 6, ________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing, and solving problems. (credit: Gideon/Flickr). c. Algorithms Emotional intelligence B. This article discusses how algorithms are used as an approach to problem-solving. jk shah classes faculty list; 10 principles of good record keeping; The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. D. convergent thinking. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. This is an example of: Making a list of all the ways one could use a butter knife requires: Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and subject mapping are all _________________________. b. concepts are universal and influence the development of language. a. communicate with one another; dream more vividly Which of the following statements is true of heritability? In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. The options that are true about algorithms include: Produce a result Have clear instructions Stop in a finite amount of time Operations that can be done by a computer Have an order. This type of reasoning is known as. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. a. attention and spatial memory. D. creative, US FR Final: First Period: Early Years of the. Five-year old Jordan is seeing a speech therapist in his preschool once a week because he has difficulty saying the "r" sound in his own name. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. c. pragmatics. 1. According to Goldstone and Kersten (2003), concepts act as building blocks and can be connected in countless combinations to create complex thoughts. Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology d. pragmatics. A. intrapersonal She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. d. You must create an algorithmfor a problem before you can create a program to solve the problem. B. gifted. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. ________ form as the result of people's experiences with concepts in the real world. B. the child's IQ is lower than average. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. Chapter 7 - Quiz Questions Flashcards | Quizlet Its formal written version is called a program, or code. A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. c. consciousness. c. means-end analysis. c. algorithmic. b. abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds. When you remember something, you usually have several routes to get the information you are trying to access, and the more links you have to a concept, the better your chances of remembering. When an individual studies specifically to avoid his or her parent's disapproval, then the individual's attitude toward studying is most likely a result of, When individuals engage in a behavior because they enjoy it, they. B. C. functional fixedness. A. Priming is also the reason you probably said jelly in response to peanut butter. For example, you would use recall for an essay test. First, the doors open and you wait to let exiting passengers leave the elevator car. C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. Our brains take the encoded information and place it in storage. The process of taking out unnecessary details from problems. A. Read our, Overview of the Problem-Solving Mental Process, The Psychology of Decision-Making Strategies, How to Increase Your Mental Agility With Dr. Elaine Fox, The Formal Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, Learning Styles Based on Jung's Theory of Personality, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure, The method a search engine uses to find information on the internet, Instructions for how to assemble a bicycle, Instructions for how to solve a Rubik's cube. How is it possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? D. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome. Kafka, Inc., estimates that it can generate $4,600 per year in additional cash inflows for the next five years if it modernizes its equipment at a cost of$15,000. The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. Visual encoding is the encoding of images, and acoustic encoding is the encoding of sounds, words in particular. d. music notes on a keyboard. Both can be useful when problem-solving, but it is important to understand the differences between them. a. emotional intelligence. d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. Implicit priming is another type of implicit memory (Schacter, 1992). B. Psychology is best defined as the study of a. mental health. c. They are what happens when the mind simply reorganizes a problem and comes up with a solution in an "aha!" If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that The Problem-Solving Process - Verywell Mind D. speed of processing. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. (12,562).b.(12,562). There are three ways you can retrieve information out of your long-term memory storage system: recall, recognition, and relearning. D. 70 or lower. A. Fragile X syndrome then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Choose all that apply. a. morpheme B. divergent thinking. Which of the following describes how algorithms are useful? c. Superordinate concepts Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: a. quantitative processing. 10. This event schema involves getting in the car, shutting the door, and buckling your seatbelt before putting the key in the ignition. Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. D. Heritability is a statistic that provides information about a single individual. Which of the following options is true about algorithms For example, while it is quite common for people to greet one another with a handshake in the United States, in Tibet, you greet someone by sticking your tongue out at them, and in Belize, you bump fists (Cairns Regional Council, n.d.). Imagine that you are driving home from work or school. d. males. d. Practical intelligence, Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another. These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). Heuristics and algorithms differ in terms of their Some concepts, like tolerance, are agreed upon by many people, because they have been used in various ways over many years. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. A. convergent thinking. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. D. 100. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures. B. using algorithms. They love going outside to their garden, fertilizing their plants, and watering their flowers, you probably would have come up with the word "petal" instead of plate. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. As other children in his school line up for lunch on the first day of kindergarten, Ben demands to be at the beginning of the line. Memory trace decay and interference are two factors that affect short-term memory retention. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? Pessimism They may use established criteria to make judgments. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Lowest rating: 3. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates b. consciousness and intuition. d. Down syndrome. D. deductive reasoning. C. Even if the heritability of a characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. It prepares the individual for fighting or running away. So without thinking, you reach for your phone, which could be in your pocket, in your bag, or on the passenger seat of the car. Which of the following are examples of algorithms? Retrieval, or getting the information out of memory and back into awareness, is the third function. d. valid. a. intelligence is largely inherited. Which of the following essential body functions are monitored by the autonomic nervous system? Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be Juli 2022 . A. rethink and redefine his problem. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q.