the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans.[18]. [citation needed]. Populations living within the 5 km buffer from the main river systems and wetlands lose their dwellings either due to high levels of river water or structures collapsing due to excess rainfall. kcse history Relief Rainfall. The southern African nation of Zambia is experiencing a food crisis, with nearly 2.3 million Zambians at risk of facing starvation as a result of low rainfall. As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. What factors affect population density and distribution? PDF Zambia - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com This warm, moist air then rises, and as it rises, it cools. When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? Waterspouts can be seen over lakes. Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . and 1,000 B.C. conserves both inter-specific and intra-specific diversity of crop species . A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. What is the location and importance of Mumbai? Open a list of all cookies. On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. Grey dambo soils contain more nutrients but are waterlogged in the rainy season and often very acidic, restricting the plants which can grow there to sedges and wiry grasses tolerant of marshy conditions. On the later part of the 20th century, runoff in the country decreased by 20 to 30% (MMET, 1998). Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. Precipitation types - Wikipedia There is no significantly discernable trend in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in recent years (McSweeney et al, 2010). She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. csee review questions pdf necta biology past paper PDF Zambia - Oecd The climate is also determined by wind pattern, relief(how high the place is) etc. Kalahari Sands in the south-west of the country are infertile and do not retain moisture, so are dominated mostly by deep-rooted trees with little growth in the understorey. . Prevailing winds are not usually very strong and a lack of a great deal of dry fuel on the ground (since most areas are burnt annually it does not build up) means that the fires are not as devastating as in countries such as Australia and the south-western USA. Succulent plants are also widespread, especially in rocky areas. Where are Temperate Deciduous Woodlands Located? In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. What are the differences in global calorie intake and food supply? Zambia. Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600m m. Plains are low relief SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. i) The rainfall is heavy and falls throughout the year, averaging about 2 000 mm. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS Relief Rainfall. As a country with very distinct rainy and dry seasons, with a high rainfall in the former, and having a fairly flat topography, Zambian rivers and low-lying areas are prone to flooding, and there are extensive permanent swamps. What are the air masses that affect the UK? When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. Most of Zambia forms part of the high plateau of this part of Africa (3,000 to 5,000 feet [900 to 1,500 metres] above sea level).Major relief features occur where river valleys and rifted troughs, some lake-filled, dissect its surface. AN OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA - Central Connecticut State Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. LUSAKA, Zambia The roofs on more than 446 schools in Zambia were torn off by heavy rains and winds in the past week as the rainy season commenced, an official told Parliament. The chain extends into Namibia and Botswana at one end (Caprivi wetlands and Okavango Swamp) and to Tanzania and Kenya at the other. Relief Rainfall. Tours, Zambia Zambia climate: average weather, temperature - Climates to Travel It occurs only on: The great freshwater lakes of Tanganyika, Mweru, Bangweulu and Kariba (an artificial reservoir), together with the smaller lakes such as Mweru Wantipa and Itezhi-Tezhi reservoir, and numerous lagoons and swamps cover about 5% of Zambia. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. Safaris, Madagascar What is the location and importance of Rio de Janeiro? As the air rises it cools and condenses. What is the Demographic Transition Model? At higher altitudes it can get a bit cooler. Did you know rain also occurs as the result of weather fronts and convection? Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. Cultivated maize area has been on average 700,000 ha between 1987 and 2007, with largest area of 900,000 ha in 2008. Due to high rainfall and bad roads, the Wet season months from December to March are not ideal for visiting Zambia. Precipitation is measured using a rain gauge, and more recently remote sensing techniques such as a weather radar. [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. necta csee past paper The SE Trades are forced to rise by the mountain, cool and condense and rain occurs on the South Eastern slopes or the windward slopes of the mountain. Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. mathematics past papers Figure 1: Shows the study area (Zambia), marked green on the map of Africa. Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. Quetta does not get rain from the summer monsoon winds. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. This rain flows into rivers and streams and these rivers and streams bring the water back to the sea where the cycle begins again. Climate and Average Weather in Zambia Most of the rain occurs on the East side of the slope. [17][citation needed] The Government of Zambia, like many other countries, had recognised the need to "integrate gender concerns" into all major policies and plans. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. Month. What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. What are shanty town improvement schemes? What are the environmental impacts of economic development in Nigeria? [1], Rainfall varies over a range of 500 to 1,400mm (19.7 to 55.1in) per year (most areas fall into the range of 700 to 1,200mm or 27.6 to 47.2in). Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. Cholera Epidemic Lusaka, Zambia, October 2017-May 2018 The average temperatures are between 66F and 87F. Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. Clouds form and produce rain. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. western areas. Most parts of Zambia will experience normal to above normal rainfall Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and The Southern and Eastern areas have most of the highest areas of the continent (900-1200m). Entertainment Editor. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. [2][citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? pp (EUR), Zambia: csee necta questions "In the last part of the season, January, February and March, 2021, most parts of Zambia will have a high chance of receiving normal to above normal rainfall. Clouds form, and precipitation occurs. Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) mean minimums for June in the cool dry season are in the range 612C, mean maximums for October, the hot dry season are 2835C. 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . It lies on plateau above 2000 m elevation, with grassland and shrubland dominating. the total land area estimated at 64 million hectares most of which is administered traditional under customary law.The total area of indigenous forest in Zambia is 44.6 million hectares and covers 60 percent of the total land area, out of which 9.6 percent are gazetted forests. The downwind or leeward slope receives a small amount of rainfall in comparison. Types of Rainfall. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of Zambian GDP, shrunk by 2.6 per cent in 2001. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. As the air moves over the mountain range and starts to descend, it warms. Philip has traveled through Zambia several times and is the author of more than 20 guidebooks to various African destinations. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. Zambia, a country located in southern Africa, is almost entirely covered by a plateau, which tempers the climate, making the temperature generally acceptable for most of the year. They all help to determine the kind of soils in an area. None of the country is arid. PDF Climate Change in Zambia: Impacts and Adaptation - American University What are the different types of weathering? In neighbouring Lumezi District, around 60 families had to leave their houses. Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. The . Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. Zambia is right in the tropics and gets lots of rain in the Wet season (November to April). Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. kcse past papers This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . How is demand for energy changing in the UK? The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. Easily compare offers from top rated tour operators. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. There are three main types of rainfall which occur very frequently in the world and depend on a variety of factors. If you've found the resources on this page useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. The modifying influence of altitude gives the country pleasant subtropical weather rather than tropical conditions for most of the year. Six ecoregions are represented of which the first four listed below are woodland savannas, consisting of a grass cover 12 m high, and hardwood deciduous trees and/or hardwood shrubs, which range in ground coverage from 'scattered' to 'abundant'. Zambia-specific climate change and (2) some empirical background on literature . The best time to visit Zambia is from May to August. The Llanos of Columbia is characterized by mean annual rainfall of 200cm-400cm (near Andes Mountain), mean annual temperature of 22C, and maximum temperature of 32C. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. The ITCZ is located north of Zambia in the dry season. What are the effects of deforestation in the Amazon? A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. Different types of rainfall in the UK. The maximum heat is experienced during November, while the maximum rainfall is received during December. Some of 58 per cent of Zambia's . Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. Southern areas of Madagascar are facing a very poor early stage of the season, with potential impacts persisting from the significant drought of the previous growing season of 2019-2020. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. Nearly 2.3M Zambians Face Starvation as a Result of Low Rainfall Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. Philip is the Zambia expert for SafariBookings and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. Climate of Zambia - Zambia Tourism Kalantary, C. (2010). Lusaka - Average precipitation. Gwembe and Siavonga districts in the south are amongst the hardest-hit by the recent rains, while Mambwe and Lumezi districts in the east, as well as the countrys capital, Lusaka, faced flash floods earlier in January. types of rainfall in zambia What is the site and situation of a settlement? This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. All Rights Reserved. The north-south highland barrier is interrupted by a major gap, the Turkana gap, between the Ethiopian and the Kenya Highlands (Figure 1). The Water Cycle and The Three Different Types of Rainfall and How do weather and climate affect river landscapes? Savanna Climate: Location, Rainfall and Vegetation | Climatology Noting a map's author is important because the cartographer's perspective will be reflected in . The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Answer (1 of 3): Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? You can join us here to take actions to help achieve an end to hunger. This page was last edited on 6 September 2022, at 20:10. form four topics Here is the average precipitation. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Convection makes the air rise and cool. Rain clouds gather over grain silos in the grain-producing region of the Overberg . The yield gap between actual yields and . But Bangalore is in rain . Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. History has shown us that the rains are Image by BBC. They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). the rain season ranges from 120 to 150 days.The soils are highly leached and generally acidic, . history of africa It is found: This biome is represented by one ecoregion. What are the effects of economic development in Nigeria on quality of life? Factors Influencing Weather and Climate - Geo for CXC The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600 mm. According to the Zambia Meteorological Development agency, annual rainfall has dropped from an average 1,200 mm to below 600 mm in most areas over the last two years. Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. kcse revision notes Climate (unit: 2) By - Pakistan studies 2 O level notes - Facebook Rainfall in South Africa The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. Crops are frequently damaged by flooding and hail. What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? How has the vegetation in the temperate deciduous forest adapted to the climate? Types of Rainfall - Relief, Convectional, and Frontal Rainfall Frontal rainfall. Safaris, DR Congo Copy. A warmer climate with more rainfall means more vegetative cover and more animal action. Relief: An illustration of the process of soil formation. . Water quality and pollution management in the UK. The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." This is a type of rainfall that occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air. The main sites are: The Mopane tree Colophospermum mopane is also a legume and grows in hotter locations than the miombo species, and so Mopane woodlands, covering about 15% of the country, replace southern miombo woodlands at lower elevations in valleys in the south of the country, principally: This ecoregion, covering about 5% of Zambia in the south-west, is dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga, Zambian teak.