. Theyll stop us. Isabels father pitched across the roiling boat and grabbed Seor Castillo by the shirt. He realizes that even being observed is an invitation to danger, and therefore. But then there his dad was, running down the street toward them, and Mahmoud felt like he could fly. Dozens of them. He didnt even leave to go to the bathroom. Two giant tan smokestacks stuck up from the middle of the ship, one Check Pages 1-50 of refugee_-_alan_gratz in the flip PDF version. He leaped to his feet, grabbed the arm of one of the men carrying his father, and tried to pull him off. Not that hes counting. The Brownshirt suddenly turned serious. Ill find you again. Incidents like this were common in Aleppo lately. It was a constant refrain in Castros lengthy speeches. Fatima notices an infant dead on the beach, but it isnt, Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece 2015, 12 days from home (3), in the crossing from Turkey. The soldiers in the backseat kicked open the door on the left side of the car and spilled outside. Papa! Towering shadows burst into the room. One of the back tires exploded, and the car swerved wildly and screeched as his dad fought to keep control of it. Six months and eleven days! the Brownshirt said. Pick it back up! Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. But Mahmoud was also filled with gratitude. Nothing about him actually matched the pictures on Herr Meiers presentation on how to identify a Jew. Lights came on in houses nearby, and curtains ruffled as people looked out at the noise. Mahmoud jumped when it fell, but Waleed stood still, like this kind of thing happened every day. 2011 (14) IWB are their Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims? At first Josef thought the teacher was going to ask him to do a math problem on the board. The rebels? He glanced around the little cabin like the walls were closing in. Im just doing my job.. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Shed quit the hospital when Hana was born, but not before the war had begun. Mahmoud Bishara was invisible, and that's exactly how he wanted it. The family leaves, again wandering around to find shelter. And the worst part was, Klaus had joined them. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) War forced him to flee, leaving everything behind in search of safety. But these police werent doing anything. The Americans had a new policy everyone called Wet Foot, Dry Foot. If Cuban refugees were caught at sea with wet feet, they were sent to the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay, at the southern end of Cuba. (full context) .are glassy, but he is able to talk. Three times a day they ate delicious meals in a dining room laid out with white linen tablecloths, crystal glasses, and shining silverware, and stewards waited on them hand and foot. When the Jewish refugees are rejected from entering Cuba and it seems likely that the ship is going to take them back to Germany, Josef works with other passengers to try to take the ship hostage so that they can avoid this fate. No, wait for me! Isabel yelled, spitting seawater. This reminds Mahmoud of Hana, and, For four weeks, Mahmoud, Waleed, Youssef, and, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The soldier with the iPhone scrolled up the map to see their destination. In some places, women were being stoned and killed for not covering up their entire bodies, especially in areas controlled by Daeshwhat the rest of the world called ISIS. (including. The kitten wasnt too different from her, Isabel realized: thin, hungry, and in need of a bath. Beyond the next door was the German part of the train. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. Search 51 Witzhave carpet installers to find the best carpet contractor for your project. But that trumpet was everything to you! No, not everything, Isabel thought. She had flawless olive skin, long black hair, and full red lips. A table at the front held a Torah scroll. Mahmoud stayed in the classroom all day, never going to the bathroom or the playground. The Brownshirt in charge laughed. Mahmoud himself deals with the contrast between being visible but liable to get hurt and invisible but unable to receive assistance. And the crew wasnt just being nice because they didnt know Josef and his family were Jews. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Praise for Refugee Title Page Dedication Josef: Berlin, Germany1938 Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: Berlin, Germany1939 Isabel: Havana, Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: On a Train to Hamburg, Germany1939 Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Just outside Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Kilis, Turkey2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere on the Straits of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015 Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere on the Caribbean Sea1994 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015 Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere between the Bahamas and Florida1994 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015 Newspapers Review: Dailies highlight PM's meeting with Israelis, Abbas speech. She wore a dark blue wool dress with a white sailors collar and carried her white corduroy stuffed rabbit, Bitsy, everywhere she went. He and Isabel had been friends as long as she could remember. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud will leave their homes. Refugee weaves together the stories of three families as they seek sanctuary in other countries. Just for a little while, Mahmouds father said. No, you idiot, Google Maps is better, said his friend. Mama! Josef cried. But if he looked right at them, they would She had bright eyes, wild brown hair cut in a bob and parted on the side, and a little gap between her two front teeth that made her look like a chipmunk. It was nothing they ever said to each other, just something they each came to understand, and within a year they had drifted apart, not even speaking to each other as they passed in the hall. Hadnt everyone on board already applied and paid for visas? My father was almost arrested, Isabel said. Banned from movie theaters in Germany because she was a Jew, Ruthie had seen her first cartoon on board during movie night and loved iteven if it was followed by a newsreel with Hitler yelling about Jews. Im sorry. If he was caught again by the police, hed be sent back to prisonand this time they might not let him out. No one wore their Jewish armbands on the ship, and there were no Js above any of the passenger compartments, because all the passengers were Jews. He wanted to look away, but he was worried that might make the guards think he was hiding something. They only see us when we do something they dont want us to do, Mahmoud realized., I see rocks! someone at the front of the dinghy yelled, and there was a loud POOM! There was an old Arabic proverb that said, Close the door that brings the wind and relax, and thats exactly what they did; while the rest of the Middle East was rioting, Syrians stayed inside and locked their doors and waited to see what would happen. A year after that, Khalid had died in an airstrike anyway. And then the whole country seemed to go crazy all at once. Josefs maturation continues as the situation worsens: after his father attempts suicide is separated from the family, his mother is stricken with grief, so Josef makes sure that Ruthie is being cared for and protected. Left with no other choice, the family embarks and rides through the pouring rain headed for Greece. Not before coming home every day with horror stories about the people shed helped put back together. They pluck Mahmoud and Fatima from the water. Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14 to 15 days from home, Policemen are guarding the border from Greece to Macedonia, and, Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15 to 16 days from home, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 16 days from home, yelling in Arabic that they dont want their filth in Hungary either, calling them parasites., The policeman then says that they will be sent back to Serbia. And then his lungs were working again, raking in great gulps. Oh, thank God youre alive! their mom said. -Graham S. The president and prime minister of Cuba during the period of, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. A skeleton in a threadbare suit three sizes too big for him. We have to get out of here! Mahmouds mother said, putting Hana in Mahmouds arms. Oh, and I also need you to help me carry these back. There were butterflies in his stomach as he got up in front of such a large audience, and his voice broke as he stumbled through the Hebrew words, but he did it. The policemen pulled off their berets, and Isabel recognized one of them instantlyone was Luis, the Castilloss elder son! Isabels mother, almost nine months pregnant, was the only one not helping to carry the boat. Shes a baby. Seor Castillo was trying to get the motor started. She got a hand to the side of the boat and looked back. It also made it to the NYTimes Best Seller list. Refine any search. You saved her. He thrashed in the rubble, panicking. Mahmoud and his family then go to the railway station, where they will spend the night in Germany. It is revealed at the conclusion of the novel that Lito was Mariano Padron, the Cuban officer who rescued Josefs father, Aaron, when he jumped into the ocean decades before. Tomorrow. Despite her grief, Isabel is able to persevere and guide her family to reach the shores of Miami. She worked her way to one of the cars stuck in the riot, an old American Chevy with chrome tail fins, still around from before the Revolution in the 1950s. No! Rubble was strewn everywhere. More than half their village was on the sand, clapping, waving, and cheering on the boats. Yell if you see someone coming, Renata said breathlessly. Mahmoud's dad. Tourists took pictures. He wrapped them all in a hug and kissed little Hana on the forehead. He also knew they were much more strict about letting people in than Turkey was. She staggered to the door of her bedroom, Hana crying in her arms. How are Josef Isabel and Mahmoud similar? He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. Isabel sipped from a bottle of soda. But when hed removed the coin, his armband had slipped out too. He put a hand to the motorcycle motor theyd mounted inside the boat. Without the maps, theyd be lost. But Josef and his mother and sister werent going anywhere. Papi scoffed. She says that she thought, Frau Rosenburg explains that she was a refugee, too, and shows, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He had done everything he could to avoid the Hitler Youth ever since, but now hed handed himself right over to oneand all because hed taken off his armband to walk around a train and buy a newspaper! Her lunch hadnt been much bigger than the catsjust a few beans and a small pile of white rice. Or Lzaro? Those are all boy names! Isabel said. Josef had never seen anything so big. Josef and Ruthie went over to see what they were doing. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Please, take us with you!, At least take my sister! Mahmoud begged. They are reunited with, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home, and other supplies. Invisibility serves as a type of protection for Mahmoud; as he puts it, being invisible is how he lives. Getting spotted by the Syrian army or the rebels battling them [is] only courting danger, Mahmoud says. No police cars or emergency crews hurried to the scene. Mahmouds father kept their papers tucked into his pants under his shirt, along with all of their moneythe only other things they owned now besides two phones and two chargers. Lito too. What? Shes a baby. Everyone got quiet as Lito turned up the volume. The first time, he and three other men had built a raft and tried to paddle their way to Florida, but a tropical storm turned them back. With no one to overpay for it, the cane fields dried up, the sugar refineries closed, and people lost their jobs. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The afternoon adhan from a nearby mosque echoed through the bombed-out streets of Aleppo, the melodious, ethereal voice of the muadhdhin praising Allah and calling everyone to prayer. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Here, the couples only escort was a group of rowdy teenage boys running behind the taxi, and their destination was a dirty white tent with whatever food theyd been able to buy in the camps market. Buskers played rumbas on guitars and drums. Blend in. The capacity for global cooperation, as the pandemic shows, has shrunken to almost nil. The Hitler Youth led Josef down the narrow corridor of the German passenger car. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Josef sacrifices himself in order to relieve his mother from the burden of this choice and to save his little sister Ruthie from the concentration camps. But why? Why does the author is italics for the words "their" them" and they". The girls yanked up the string, and they all dropped to the deck behind the rail where the man couldnt see them laughing. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Gratz shows how hard it can sometimes be to stand up and support others, but that it is necessary to empathize with those who are being oppressed and to give aid. Sit down! I promise. For Mahmoud Bishara,12, life in Aleppo, Syria in 2015 means trying to make himself invisible and making sure his younger brother Waleed is safe. Look at this one! he said, pointing to the wet spot on Josefs nightclothes. The wall of his apartment exploded, blasting broken bits of concrete and glass through the room. He hated that man. Mahmoud then gives, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (3), Greece. Mahmoud didnt like the sound of that, eitherto him, smuggler meant illegal, and illegal meant dangerous. Now. By now, May of 1939, most countries had stopped admitting Jewish refugees, or had lots of official applications you had to fill out and file and pay for before they would let you in. What do the boat smugglers keep telling Mahmouds family? In the second it took for the sound to grow from a breeze to a tornado, Mahmoud dropped his pencil, put his hands to his ears, and threw himself under the kitchen table. However, they end up driving straight into some enemy soldiers who attack the car. It was getting harder and harder to get food in the city. "Mahmoud's mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. Hands grabbed Isabel and helped her climb the side of the boatIvn! Josef and his family hoped to one day make it to America, but you couldnt just sail into New York Harbor. Mahmoud explains how they gave, people who hadnt survived. Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. Mahmoud Bisharas full name is Mahmoud Bishara. His teeth looked too big for his head, and when he smiled he looked like a cartoon squirrel. If a plane dropped a barrel Asked by Potterbotter. LitCharts | Summary & Analysis All 1600 LitChart PDFs are available for immediate download (including Refugee). Just then, Mahmouds father receives a text about a boat arriving. When Youssef and, Mahmoud: Hungary 2015, 17 days from home, The soldier calls for help from the other guards, wondering what to do, but, Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days from home. The Nazis had taken all this from them, from him, and now he and the passengers on the ship were taking it back. They were all quiet a moment more, until her father said, But I dont even have a boat. Isabel nodded. How Do Travel Nurses Get Health Insurance? Who is the main character in the book Refugee? There was a riot on the Malecn, Lito said. She leaped down off the hood of the car and pushed her way through the pandemonium. Your name must be Summer, because youre making me sweat! The girl smiled, but Isabels mother slapped Lito on the leg. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Thank you! The family takes another taxi to try to reach Hungary. Each one came up to Isabels chest. All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered and eaten. is hit and killed. Two of the Nazis yanked Josefs father to his feet and dragged him toward the door. Shes a baby. Mahmouds ears rang with a high-pitched whine, like the TV when the satellite was searching for a signal. Captains got the engines maxed out. Has to, the other said. A social worker approaches Mahmoud's family and asks if they are seeking asylum in Germany ( Germany accepted 124,845 Syrian refugees in 2017 and the EU as a whole accepted 538,000 total refugees). If Castro was letting anyone leave, her father would be gone before the sun rose the next day. Tomorrow. More bullets whizzed by overhead, and soon the rebel soldiers whod been riding with them were returning fire, their automatic rifles booming in Mahmouds ears like he was in a barrel and they were beating on the outside of it with hammers. Mahmouds dad kept driving. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Mahmoud realizes he is finally home. castle on hill. That soundit was like someone had kicked the front door in. Josef later dies in the camps, along with his mother. "Refugee Characters: Mahmoud Bishara." LitCharts. Khalid. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Syria was ruled by Bashar al- Assad, who had twice been elected president when no one was allowed to run against him. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. We have to go. Angry and desperate, hundreds of refugees begin to riot and try to push through the fence. What were you thinking? the boy whispered. And why not? Thats when Mahmoud and Khalid had learned how valuable it was to be invisible. Do you know what the greatest achievements of the Cuban Revolution are? Isabels father Cuba was a communist country, like Russia had been, and for decades the Soviets had been buying Cubas sugar for eleven times the price and sending the little island food and gasoline and medicine for free. Refugee (Alan Gratz) When all this is over, Ill find you and arrest you, and theyll send you away for good. Luis pulled the angry policeman away, pausing just long enough to give Isabel a worried look over his shoulder. Whats happened? Mr. Sarraf asked Mahmoud, and then he saw the missing wall and his eyes went wide. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Well, if it isnt Hurricane Isabel, Seor Castillo said. . Mahmoud couldnt remember the last time hed seen his brother laugh, or cry, or show any emotion whatsoever. Stomp. Being invisible was how he survived." (Chapter 3, Page 12) The factions in Mahmoud's native Syria make his conclusion a valid one. We were going to pack. Instant PDF downloads. Isabel covered her ears and stepped away. The two older boys became Mahmouds and Khalids own personal bullies, delivering repeated beatdowns between classes and after school. When his father is released six months later, Josef, his mother Rachel, his sister Ruthie, and his father, now traumatized by his experiences at Dachau, all board the MS St. Louis, which is set to take them to Cuba.