Slavery was usually abolished by the new republics within the first two decades of independence, except in the remaining Spanish possessions in the Caribbean, where it endured well into the nineteenth century. American gentry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994. They were locally-born people-almost always of Spanish ancestry, but also sometimes of other European ethnic backgrounds. In Colonial America, there were three main social classes. 2 The highest class was the gentry. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The dramatic growth of the castas in the eighteenth century was an increase in sheer numbers of castas as well as a proliferation in the number of racial categories. Working as domestics, assistants to craftsmen, or stevedores in the port cities, they lived in their master's home, as did indentured servants and apprentices. The middle classes of colonial America consisted mostly of yeoman farmers and skilled craftsmen. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. meet the demand for colonial labor helped give rise to a wealthy Gagw{VxHdU7Pd~pDc*Yu$?Z~hc%!FARF.c:0CtChu_*u#*)/Z0(O^PDdTVI{D6 V~Vj/rT@l(IK6Mnn*dyCxH2 endstream endobj 532 0 obj << /Subtype /TrueType /FontDescriptor 533 0 R /LastChar 163 /Widths [ 778 0 0 0 389 500 250 0 250 0 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 0 0 0 0 683 778 611 709 774 0 556 763 832 337 333 0 611 946 831 0 0 0 668 525 613 0 0 1000 0 667 667 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 553 444 611 479 333 556 582 291 0 556 291 883 582 546 601 0 395 424 326 603 565 834 516 556 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /BaseFont /EPPMAL+PalatinoLinotype-Roman /FirstChar 38 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Font >> endobj 533 0 obj << /StemV 82 /FontName /EPPMAL+PalatinoLinotype-Roman /FontStretch /Normal /FontFile2 563 0 R /FontWeight 400 /Flags 34 /Descent -284 /FontBBox [ -170 -292 1419 1050 ] /Ascent 731 /FontFamily (]]9a+C^O) /CapHeight 687 /XHeight -531 /Type /FontDescriptor /ItalicAngle 0 >> endobj 534 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 529 0 R >> stream It was not uncommon at all for a woman to have eight children and more than forty grandchildren. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. After the Spanish established a colony in the Rio Grande valley in 1598, they seized Indian land and crops and forced Indians to labor, SPANISH LANGUAGE first came to the territory now occupied by the United States as the language of the explorers and settlers who set out from Spain's, Creole =[+M9Ru:*+-kBzd0g"nVT{R25V5g8 csBa#h`3]kEz/Eu4o'5=+@vcvRceIGUZX`<8 \>e>mTg The largest number of black slaves arrived in the Spanish colonies between 1550 and 1650, corresponding with growth in the cultivation of sugar in Spanish America. small-scale farming and paid for imported manufactures by supplying the 0000010216 00000 n In cities, members of the middle class were skilled craftsmen and artisans. Racial slavery even served to heal some of the divisions Unlike the life of yeoman farm households, these merchants lived lives that resembled those of the upper classes in England. These portraits reveal the prejudice that accompanied the legal liabilities of various categories, and often have been cited as evidence of the difficulties of social mobility in the eighteenth century. While New England had small family farms, the southern colonies had large plantations that required slave labor. ".hh`T1PzoPu`D\w!J~nBA8_Z What was Rhode Island the first colony to do in the USA? In 1607 the Virginia Company crossed the ocean and established Jamestown. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. The social structure in Spain and Latin America is very different than in Europe. occupation and lifestyle by region. Bachelors and unwed women could not live very comfortably and were relatively few. All rights reserved. Large portions were usually given to men of higher social standing, but settlers, or proprietors, who then divided the land among themselves. The opening of the 17th century found three countriesFrance, Spain, and Englandcontending for dominion in North America. Creoles ____________ were Europeans born in Latin America and their descendants. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. grazing land to one another and worked together to spin yarn, sew When sons married, fathers gave them gifts of land, The change in the status of Africans in The colonies were part of an Atlantic trading network that linked them with England, Africa, and the West Indies. a. missionaries, viziers, mestizos, Native Americans b. peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes c. Native Americans, mestizos, peninsulares, viceroys d. kings, viceroys, Native Americans, missionaries B These slaves were often pages, working in the urban homes of the well-to-do. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Mestizo 0000018473 00000 n An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution. The promise of a new life in America was a strong attraction //